Which orientation emphasizes tutorials for beginners and cultural icons?

The correct response focuses on the user-based orientation, which prioritizes the needs and experiences of the novice or beginner users when designing interactive systems. This approach places significant emphasis on providing tutorials and guidance that help users, especially those who may not have prior experience, navigate new tools and systems successfully.

Cultural icons are also a key component of this orientation, as they serve to create familiarity and connection with users, making the interaction more engaging and intuitive. By incorporating tutorials and recognizable symbols or icons, designers can facilitate a smoother learning curve, enhancing user experience and effectiveness.

Considering other options, a functional orientation would center on the specific functionality of the design and how it supports achieving tasks, without necessarily catering to beginners. The organizational environment would focus on the context and structures within which the design operates, while the technical environment would pertain to the underlying technology and infrastructure. Neither of these aspects would prioritize the specific needs and learning pathways of novice users. Thus, user-based orientation stands out as the appropriate choice.